Southern Bread

One point that comes up often is, if I’m truly an anarchist, yet claim to be a follower of Christ, how do I deal with Romans 13. And, that’s a very fair question. Romans 13 seems to eliminate anarchism as an option for believers, by virtue of it’s description of the proper attitude of Christians toward their government. I’ve neglected to cover this topic here before because of how important of an issue it is. I wanted to make sure I had done enough due diligence on it so as not to lead anyone astray. But, I think it’s time to cover it.

I’m going to go with a bottom-up approach, using John Macarthur’s hermeneutic rule that you always take the plain reading of a passage as it’s actual meaning unless the passage itself forces you not to. Then you work your way out to solve any conflicts with other scripture. This may seem odd, since the usual inclination is to work from that larger context down to the smaller so as to preserve contextual meaning. But, in this case, the problem with this passage isn’t contextual.  It’s internal.  I’ll do my best to explain.

Here’s what Romans 13 says (verse numbers in [brackets]):

[1] Every person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God. [2] Therefore, whoever resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves. [3] For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no fear of authority? Do what is good and you will have praise from the same; [4] for it is a minister of God to you for good. But if you do what is evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword for nothing; for it is a minister of God, an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil.

[5] Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of wrath, but also for conscience’ sake. [6] For because of this you also pay taxes, for rulers are servants of God, devoting themselves to this very thing. [7] Render to all what is due them: tax to whom tax is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honor to whom honor.

[8] Owe nothing to anyone except to love one another; for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law.

–Romans 13, NASB

The plain, and most widely accepted interpretation of this passage is that Paul is telling us to submit to “government” because God has put “government” in place. Therefore, if we rebel against “government”, we are essentially rebelling against God’s very plan.

It’s my contention that this can’t be the meaning of this passage. The reason it can’t is because, if that’s what Paul is indeed saying, then he is lying or he is ignorant. And, neither one of those is a hermeneutical option for believers. This is one of those passages that seems to have a very clear meaning, but when you work it out in your mind, you find that the clear meaning is fraught with problems. Let me lay out the problems you will have to accept if you take the standard interpretation:

• In verse 3, the standard interpretation will require you to live in a fantasy world where good deeds are always applauded by government and bad deeds are always punished.
• Verse 4 will required you to believe that all war that is waged by the state, and all capital punishment, is justly administered.
• Verse 5 seems to indicate that taxes are the primary method by which God has chosen to fund these governments that he has put in place.

Verses 3 and 4 are what blow up the whole standard interpretation of this verse.  Paul simply can’t mean what it sounds like he means here.  If Paul is really saying that government always celebrates good and punishes evil then he is delusional.  But, we know that’s not the case.  Paul himself was unjustly imprisoned and killed by Rome, and he saw the rampant imperialistic wars that Rome waged all over Europe to enslave it’s people. He knew, more than most, how rampantly corrupt government is, and how unjustly it treats it’s subjects.

And, in our own time, we have seen one murderous regime after another during the 20th century.  From Stalin to the Holocaust to Pol Pot, we know that government doesn’t operate in the way Paul describes here.  Instead, they punish good and reward evil all the time.  He knew better than to make a statement like that.  And, that’s why I can’t accept that, that’s what he meant.  There must be some other interpretation that doesn’t require Paul to be clearly denying reality(i.e. insane).  So, what could that be?

Well, what Paul is describing here is “government.”  That word is the critical point to understanding all of this.  Remember the law of non-contradiction:  A is NOT equal to non-A.  Therefore, if the thing(government) that Paul is describing is not identical to the thing we are thinking about (government as we know it), then we aren’t talking about the same thing.  Paul is talking about something different.  Put more plainly, what Paul is talking about here is not the thing we know as government.  It can’t be, because the properties he ascribes to “government” don’t match the properties we see in “government.”  He means one thing.  We mean something else.

It’s plain to me that he’s talking about what government is supposed to be.  He’s describing government in it’s truest form.  It’s pure form.  But, not everything that claims to be a certain thing really is.  What North Korea calls it’s government isn’t a government.  It’s a gang of dictators that are holding that country hostage.  Just because they label themselves as a government doesn’t mean that they actually are one.  I can call myself the President of Uganda.  That doesn’t mean that I actually am.

And this leads to the correct interpretation of this passage:  when government fulfills it’s role, it’s ordained by God, and we are subject to it.  When government violates it’s role as Paul has defined it, that government is no government at all.  Therefore, it can’t be ordained by God, because it’s something different than what Paul describes.

This is getting really long, so I’ll pick it back up next time to talk about the problem of movement that you encounter if you accept the standard interpretation.